1060 Aluminium Phaj Siab Zoo Tsim - Zoo

1. Taw qhia

1060 txhuas phaj siab - zoo tsimyog hais txog kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov txheej txheem metallurgical, mechanical thiab logistical kev coj ua uas yuav tsum tau tsim cov pav ca, huv si, qhov tseeb ntawm EN AW-1060 tsim nyog rau kev thov.

Vim tias 1060 yog qhov tseem ceeb nyob ze - aluminium ntshiab (tsawg kawg 99.60% Al), nws qhov kev ua tau zoo nyob ntawm kev tswj tsis huv thiab qhov chaw saum npoo: cov khoom me me, oxides lossis qhov tsis xws luag uas tuaj yeem zam tau hauv cov khoom siv hlau ua haujlwm los yog teeb meem hauv 1060 cov khoom.

High -kev tsim khoom zoo yog li tsom rau kev ua kom huv si, tswj nruj nreem casting / dov lub sij hawm, ceev faj annealing / levelling thiab robust soj ntsuam thiab traceability.

2. Khoom ntawm 1060 Aluminium Phaj

1060 aluminium phajbelongs rau 1xxx series ntawm kev lag luam ntshiab txhuas alloys thiab yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm nws cov ntsiab lus txhuas siab heev (Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 99.60%).

Qhov siab purity no muab 1060 txhuas qhov sib txawv ntawm lub cev, kev siv tshuab, thiab tshuaj lom neeg uas ua rau nws tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim rau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau zoo heev formability, corrosion resistance, thiab deg zoo es tsis muaj zog structural.

Chemical thiab Metallurgical yam ntxwv

1060 txhuas muaj cov ntsiab lus alloying tsawg, nrog silicon thiab hlau yog thawj tswj impurities.

Cov qib qis ntawm alloying ua kom muaj qhov yooj yim, zoo li microstructure dominated los ntawm txhuas nplej, uas ua rau muaj kev ruaj khov thaum lub sij hawm tsim thiab kev kho cua sov.

Kev tswj nruj ntawm cov ntsiab lus tsis huv yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm siab -kev tsim khoom zoo, txawm tias qhov nce me me hauv Fe lossis Si tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau saum npoo thiab ductility.

Mechanical Properties

Hais txog lub zog, 1060 txhuas phaj yog cais raws li cov khoom siv qis - zog. Hom qhov kawg tensile lub zog nyob ntawm kwv yees li70 rau 120 MPa, thaum lub zog tawm los feem ntau yog nruab nrab25 thiab 60 MPa, nyob ntawm temper (O, H12, H14, thiab lwm yam).

Elongation qhov tseem ceeb tuaj yeem ncav cuag30–40%nyob rau hauv cov mob annealed, qhia txog ductility zoo heev thiab tob- kos peev xwm.

Cov khoom no ua rau 1060 txhuas zoo tagnrho rau kev tsim, khoov, thiab kev ua haujlwm spinning, txawm hais tias nws tsis yog rau kev thauj khoom -cov kabmob siv cov qauv.

Lub cev muaj zog

1060 txhuas phaj muaj qhov ntom ntawm txog2.70 g / cm³, pab txhawb lub teeb yuag tivthaiv tsim.

Nws thermal conductivity yog siab, feem ntau nyob ib ncig ntawm220–235 W/m·K, ua kom muaj kev hloov hluav taws xob zoo hauv kev tswj xyuas thermal thiab cookware-txog kev siv.

Cov hluav taws xob conductivity kuj tseem siab dua piv nrog cov qib alloyed aluminium, uas txhawb nqa nws siv hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob uas muaj zog txaus txaus.

Corrosion Resistance

Ua tsaug rau nws cov purity siab txhuas, 1060 txhuas phaj tuaj yeem ua haujlwm zoo heev rau atmospheric corrosion thiab ntau qhov chaw tshuaj lom neeg.

Ib txheej txheej txheej aluminium oxide muab kev tiv thaiv zoo tiv thaiv oxidation.

Nyob rau hauv siab -kev tsim khoom zoo, du thiab tsis xws luag-dawb nto ntxiv txhim khu kev ua haujlwm corrosion, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ntub los yog hnyav heev.

Nto thiab Finishing Properties

1060 txhuas yog paub zoo rau nws superior nto zoo. Nws tuaj yeem ua tau yooj yim ci - dov, polished, los yog tshuaj kho kom ua tiav qhov kev xav lossis kho kom zoo nkauj tiav.

Lub alloy teb zoo rau anodizing thiab txheej txheej, txawm hais tias cov xim xaiv hauv anodizing muaj tsawg dua piv nrog qee qib alloyed.

High - cov phaj zoo feem ntau muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov chaw qis thiab qhov tsis pom kev tsawg tsawg, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev siv kho kom zoo nkauj thiab cuam tshuam.

Formability thiab Workability

Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm 1060 txhuas phaj yog nws cov formability zoo heev. Lub alloy tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv kev sib sib zog nqus nqus, tig, khoov, thiab dov yam tsis muaj qhov tawg thaum ua kom zoo.

Nws kuj yog yooj yim machined thiab txiav siv cov pa pa. Vuam thiab brazing yog ua tau nrog cov txheej txheem txhuas txheej txheem, txawm hais tias muab tub lim xaiv thiab kev huv yog qhov tseem ceeb los tswj kev sib koom ua ke.

3. Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm High-Quality 1060 Aluminium Phaj

Raw Material Pretreatment: Purity Foundation

Kev Xaiv Cov Khoom Raw: Siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob electrolytic aluminium (Al Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 99.7%) ua ke nrog siab -purity recycled aluminium (cov ntsiab lus impurity Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.1%), thiab nruj me ntsis txwv tsis pub sib xyaw nrog qis -purity seem.

Cov txheej txheem Pretreatment:

Aluminium Ingot Cleaning: Tshem tawm cov nplais oxide, roj stains, thiab impurities los ntawm kev sib tsoo tshuab + alkaline tu (50-60 degree, NaOH concentration 5% -8%), yaug nrog dej ntshiab tom qab ntxuav, thiab qhuav kom noo noo tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.01%.

Batching Accuracy: Batch raws li qhov sib piv nrog qhov yuam kev Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li ± 0.01%, siv cov ntsuas hluav taws xob ntsuas hluav taws xob (qhov tseeb 0.1kg / ton) kom tsis txhob muaj qhov sib txawv.

Melting thiab Casting: Kev Tiv Thaiv Tsis Zoo

Melting Process Control:

Cov Khoom Siv Melting: Siv cov graphite crucibles lossis ceramics -kab melting rauv kom tsis txhob muaj hlau paug (cov khoom siv hauv lub cev muaj hlau tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.005%).

Kev Tswj Kub Kub: Melting kub 730-760 degree, tuav lub sij hawm 30-40min, kub hloov tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau ± 5 degree, tiv thaiv overheating (overheating kub siab tshaj los yog sib npaug rau 800 degree, ua rau coarse nplej).

Degassing thiab Slagging: Txais cov nitrogen sib xyaw-argon degassing ( piv 3: 1) nrog tus nqi ntws 0.5-1.0m³ / h thiab degassing lub sij hawm 20min, tswj cov ntsiab lus hydrogen tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.12ml / 100g Al; ntxiv cov tshuaj ua kom zoo (NaCl-KCl sib tov, ntxiv nyiaj 0.3%-0.5%) rau kev tshem tawm slag, cov ntsiab lus slag Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.05%.

Casting txheej txheem xaiv thiab tswj:

Casting Method: Nyiam ntsug ib nrab- nruam nruam rau siab- zoo ingots (inch 200-600mm, ntev 3000-6000mm) kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib cais hauv kev nruam casting.

Casting Parameters: Casting ceev 80-120mm / min, txias dej kub 25-35 degree, txias dej ntws 5-8m³ / h, tswj ingot solidification cheeb tsam ntev ntawm 80-120mm kom zoo zoo grain loj (grain loj tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 0.06mm).

Tom qab-Kev kho Casting: Tom qab txias ingots mus rau hauv chav tsev kub, pom thiab tshem tawm cov puas lub taub hau thiab tus Tsov tus tw seem (50-100mm txhua), ua homogenization annealing (480-500 degree, tuav lub sij hawm 6h) kom tshem tawm cov kev nyuaj siab casting thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg segregation.

Kub Rolling: Grain Refinement thiab Plastic Txhim Kho

Ingot Cua sov: Kub kub 480-500 degree, tuav lub sij hawm 4-6h, kub uniformity Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau ± 3 degree, tsis txhob intensified oxidation vim lub zos overheating.

Rolling Parameter Control:

Kev txo qis: Thawj zaug txo qis 15% -20%, kho cov ntawv hla dhau mus rau 8% -12%, tag nrho txo ​​qis dua lossis sib npaug li 90% los txhawb cov nplej zom thiab ua kom zoo dua.

Rolling ceev: Rough dov ceev 1.5-2.5m / s, tag dov ceev 3.0-4.5m / s, tsis txhob nto khawb los ntawm ntau ceev.

Tawm Kub Kub: Tswj ntawm 380-420℃kom ntseeg tau tias cov ntawv yob khaws cov yas zoo rau tom qab txias dov.

Tom qab-Kev Kho Mob Kub Rolling: Tom qab txias kub- dov daim hlau rau hauv chav tsev kub, ua qhov chaw milling (milling npaum li cas 0.5-1.0mm/sab) kom tshem tawm cov nplais oxide thiab deg, milled nto roughness Ra tsawg dua los yog sib npaug li 1.0μm.

Cold Rolling: Precision thiab Deg Zoo Optimization

Txias Rolling Txheej Txheem Tsim:

Pass Planning: Tsim 5-8 txias dov dhau raws li cov khoom tiav tiav; ntxiv nruab nrab annealing (350-380 degree, tuav lub sij hawm 2h) rau nyias gauges (tsawg tshaj los yog sib npaug li 1 hli) kom tshem tawm cov hauj lwm hardening.

Rolling Precision Control: Siv plaub-siab txias dov mills nrog yob qhov tseeb Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau ± 0.005mm, ruaj khov dov quab yuam 200-300MPa, thiab ceev hloov pauv tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau ± 0.1m / s kom ntseeg tau tuab tuab.

Lubrication thiab txias: Siv cov roj txias txias tshwj xeeb (viscosity 20-30mm² / s, flash point Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 180 degree) nrog lubrication siab 0.3-0.5MPa thiab cov dej txias txias 20-25℃los tiv thaiv phaj nplaum thiab kub kub.

Ncej -Cold Rolling Surface Treatment: Txais kev ntxuav degreasing (alkaline degreaser + acid neutralization) kom tshem tawm cov roj stains saum npoo, yaug nrog dej ntshiab tom qab ntxuav, thiab qhuav nrog cua kub (kub 80-100 degree), cov roj residue tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 5mg / m².

Kev kho cua sov (Annealing): Kev Tswj Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo

Annealing Process Classification thiab Parameters:

Tag Nrho Cov Nroj Tsuag (O temper): Kub 380-400 degree, tuav lub sij hawm 3-4h, rauv txias (txias tus nqi qis dua lossis sib npaug li 5℃/ min) kom ntseeg tau tias tsim nyog plasticity (elongation Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 35%).

Ib nrab Annealing (H14 / H18 temper): H14 temper - 300-320℃rau 1.5h; H18 temper - ntuj aging tom qab txias dov (chav kub rau 24h) kom sib npaug zog thiab yas.

Kev tswj qhov cub hluav taws xob: Siv oxidation -cov cua sov tsis muaj qhov cua sov nrog cov cua nitrogen (purity Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 99.99%) thiab cov ntsiab lus oxygen tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.005% los tiv thaiv phaj oxidation thiab discoloration.

Kev kho deg: Corrosion Resistance thiab Aesthetics Enhancement

Daim ntawv thov -Cov txheej txheem kho deg tshwj xeeb:

Ordinary Decorative Grade: Kev kho tshuaj lom neeg hloov kho (titanium{0}}zirconium series, zaj duab xis thickness 0.5-1.0μm) los txhim kho corrosion kuj thiab txheej adhesion.

High-End Electronic Qib: Anodizing kev kho mob (sulfuric acid anodizing, zaj duab xis tuab 5-10μm) kom ua tiav qhov tawv tawv Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau HV300 thiab ntau dua 3x txhim kho hnav tsis kam.

Khoom noj khoom haus qib: Passivation kev kho mob (nitric acid passivation, concentration 10%-15%) uas tsis muaj teeb meem residues, ua raws li GB 4806.9-2016.

Nto Polishing (Daim iav Qib): Txais cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke + tshuaj polishing txheej txheem, polished nto roughness Ra tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.2μm, daim iav reflectivity Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 85%.

Tiav thiab Txiav: Dimensional Precision Assurance

Cov txheej txheem ua tiav: Siv cov tshuab flattening nrog flattening siab 100-150MPa, flatness Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug li 0.3mm / m tom qab flattening, tsis muaj warpage lossis deformation.

Cov txheej txheem txiav: Siv CNC txiav los yog laser txiav tshuab nrog txiav raug ± 0.1mm, burr -dawb npoo (burr qhov siab tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.05mm), tsis txhob oxidation ntug.

Kev ntim khoom tiav: qhwv nrog PE zaj duab xis rau kev tiv thaiv dej noo thiab plua plav, cais txhua lub phaj nrog EPE ua npuas ncauj kom tsis txhob khawb qhov chaw thaum lub sijhawm thauj mus los.

4. Daim ntawv thov ntawm1060 Aluminium Phaj

1060 (Al Ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau 99.60%) yog ze rau - qib txhuas ntshiab uas nws ua ke ntawmTshwj xeeb formability, siab hluav taws xob / thermal conductivity, zoo heev corrosion kuj thiab superior nto zooua rau nws cov khoom ntawm kev xaiv nyob rau hauv ntau yam tsis yog - qauv, zoo li -sensitive thiab tshav kub / hluav taws xob- daim ntawv thov kev tswj.

Teeb pom kev zoo reflectors & optical Cheebtsam

vim 1060:.High reflectivity tom qab ci dov / polishing thiab tsawg subsurface inclusions → zoo heev optical uniformity.
Yam thickness / temper:0.5-3.0 hli; ci- dov O lossis H14 nyob ntawm kev sib sau.

Kho kom zoo nkauj & architectural cladding

vim 1060:.uniform nto tiav, yooj yim ntawm polishing los yog nto kho, zoo heev corrosion kuj rau sab nrauv / sab hauv cladding.
Yam thickness / temper:1.0-6.0mm daim hlau; O temper rau sib sib zog nqus sib sau ua ke thiab H14 rau nruab nrab nruj.

Tshuaj, khoom noj khoom haus & khoom siv huv huv

vim 1060:.siab purity, yooj yim ntxuav qhov chaw, zoo corrosion kuj rau ntau yam khoom noj / tshuaj, thiab zoo heev formability rau cov hlab ntsha thiab hoods.
Yam thickness / temper:1.0-10 mm nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm lub tank; O temper feem ntau siv rau kev sib sib zog nqus nqus.

Thaum tshav kub kub-spreaders, thermal tswj & cookware Cheebtsam

vim 1060:.thermal conductivity zoo heev (ze rau ntshiab Al) thiab tsis tshua muaj huab hwm coj - zoo tagnrho rau tshav kub kis, sab hauv txheej ntawm multi- txheej cookware thiab cua sov dab dej qhov twg txhua yam loads yog me me.
Yam thickness / temper:0.5-6.0 hli; O lossis H12 nyob ntawm kev tsim cov kev xav tau.

Kev siv hluav taws xob & cov khoom siv hluav taws xob

vim 1060:.high hluav taws xob conductivity piv nrog alloyed qib- siv rau busbars, conductor strips, electrode txhawb thiab EMI shielding qhov siab conductivity thiab lub teeb yuag yog ib qho tseem ceeb.
Yam thickness / temper:2.0–{1}} hli nyob ntawm qhov ntsuas tam sim no thiab kev txhawb nqa tshuab; O temper rau siab tshaj plaws conductivity.

Sib sib zog nqus- kos cov khoom siv hauv chav ua noj & cov khoom siv nias

vim 1060:.Tshwj xeeb ductility tso cai rau kev sib sib zog nqus nqus, tig thiab sib sau ua ke yam tsis muaj kev tawg - siv rau cov lauj kaub, lauj kaub liner, cov khoom vaj tse.
Yam thickness / temper:0.5-3.0 hli; O temper los yog lub teeb H- tempers rau kos qhov chaw.

5. 1060 Aluminium Phaj Siab-Kev Tsim Khoom Zoo -Huawei Aluminium

Nco tseg:cov hauv qab no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm tus neeg muag khoom profile los qhia tias "siab-kev tsim khoom zoo" zoo li cas. Nws yogtsis yogkev pom zoo tab sis tus qauv koj tuaj yeem siv los ntsuas cov neeg muag khoom tiag.

Muaj peev xwm ntawm lub siab - zoo 1060 phaj chaw tsim khoom (piv txwv: "Huawei Aluminium")

Feedstock tswj:daim ntawv cog lus nrog thawj smelters thiab txheeb xyuas cov kwj rov ua dua tshiab; traceable ingot ntau.

Advanced melting & pom:induction melting nrog argon degassing thiab ceramic pom.

Nruam casting + direct dov kab (CCR):rau superior nto kev ncaj ncees thiab nruj thickness tswj.

Niaj hnub nimno kub & txias dov zeb:tswj cov sij hawm dhau mus, online thickness gauges, automated lubrication.

Annealing thiab stretcher leveling:programmable rauv cycles; mechanical leveling rau flatness Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 0.1 hli thoob phaj.

Nto finishing:qaim- dov muaj peev xwm, txhua yam polishing kab thiab huv si tshuaj pickling booths.

Kev tshuaj xyuas & QA:nyob rau hauv -kab eddy-tam sim no / kho qhov muag tshuaj xyuas, SPC tswj kab kos, tag nrho MTC nrog kub / ntau traceability.

Daim ntawv pov thawj & ua raws:ISO 9001, ISO 14001, kuaj cov khoom raws li EN / ASTM cov qauv; muaj peev xwm muab zaub mov- hu rau cov lus hais raws li qhov xav tau.

Cov kev pabcuam neeg siv khoom:ua ntej- cov qauv tsim ua haujlwm, kev tshuaj xyuas thawj kab lus (FAI), qib kho kom zoo nkauj kho kom haum thiab ntim rau kev xa tawm.

Tus neeg yuav khoom:yuav tsum tau muab cov txheej txheem piav qhia thiab cov qauv ntawv pov thawj sib piv cov kev coj ua saum toj no thaum yuav cov nqi 1060 phaj.

6. Cov qauv zoo thiab cov ntawv pov thawj

Thaum qhia txog qib siab - zoo 1060 phaj, xa mus rau cov qauv siv tau thiab cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj:

Cov qauv khoom siv

ASTM B 209 Cov Lus Qhia- specification rau aluminium thiab aluminium- alloy sheet thiab phaj (tshwj xeeb siv rau tsis yog- cov ntawv / phaj).

EN 573 / EN 485- European qauv rau tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab txhua yam khoom ntawm wrought aluminium.

TS EN ISO 6361 Cov- txheej txheem thoob ntiaj teb rau txhuas thiab txhuas alloy nplooj ntawv, strips thiab daim hlau.

Kev tswj kom zoo & traceability

ISO 9001 Cov ntawv pov thawj- tus neeg muag khoom zoo system.

EN 10204 / EN 10204 3.1- mill test daim ntawv pov thawj daim ntawv pov thawj ntau. Thov 3.1 rau ntau qhov tseem ceeb.

Kev tswj hwm & kev thov - tshwj xeeb

Sib cuag zaub mov:EU Regulation (EC) Tsis muaj 1935/2004 thiab cov kev cai hauv lub tebchaws, FDA cov qauv kev sib cuag zaub mov hauv Asmeskas . - xav tau cov ntaub ntawv rau cov txheej txheej lossis cov txheej txheem hloov dua siab tshiab.

RoHS / REACH:txheeb xyuas cov tshuaj txwv nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov thiab kev lag luam.

Kev tshuaj xyuas & kuaj

Kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tshuaj (OES/ICP) rau ib qho ntau, kev ntsuas tensile ntawm ASTM E8 (los yog sib npaug), nto roughness thiab pom kev lees txais / tsis lees paub cov qauv, tsis yog- kuaj kev puas tsuaj (ultrasonic lossis eddy tam sim no) qhov lamination lossis suav nrog kev pheej hmoo tseem ceeb.

7. Cov lus xaus

1060 aluminium phaj zoo tsim yog kev tswj hwm, ntau- kauj ruam kev qhuab qhia engineering: pib los ntawm kev tswj cov khoom noj, los ntawm kev ua kom huv si thiab pom, ua tib zoo teem sijhawm casting thiab dov, kom meej annealing, leveling thiab nto tiav.

Rau kev thov daim ntawv thov - reflectors, khoom noj khoom haus, architectural finishes - qhov txawv ntawm zoo tib yam thiab hwm 1060 nyob rau hauv yaj huv si, nto tswj thiab ntsuas & traceability.

Qhia meej txog chemistry txwv, temper, nto tiav, flatness, thiab xav tau MTCs thiab cov qauv kev pom zoo. Thaum cov kev tswj hwm no raug tswj hwm, 1060 phaj muab cov qauv tsim tau zoo, zoo heev ntawm qhov chaw thiab kev cia siab ntev ntev - ua haujlwm tau zoo.

FAQs

Q1 - Qhov txawv ntawm "1060 daim" thiab "1060 phaj" yog dab tsi?
A: Kev lag luam convention feem ntau khodaim ntawvraws li thinner (<3–6 mm) and phajthicker (Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 3-6 mm). Cov kev sib txawv muaj xws li kev tsim khoom thiab kev ua tiav - phaj feem ntau yuav tsum hnyav dua dov hla thiab sib txawv. Qhia meej meej thickness hauv mm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yuav khoom.

Q2 - 1060 aluminium yog dab tsi?
A: Tsawg kawg yog 99.60% Allos ntawm pawg. Cov neeg muab khoom siv feem ntau tuav lwm cov ntsiab lus kom qis qis (Si, Fe, Cu, thiab lwm yam) kom khaws cia saum npoo thiab ua tus cwj pwm.

Q3 - 1060 puas tuaj yeem ua anodized thiab pleev xim?
A: Yog - 1060 lees txais cov txheej txheem hloov dua siab tshiab, anodizing (txawm tias cov xim xaiv tau txwv piv nrog cov alloys tsim los rau anodizing), thiab xim zoo tom qab ntxuav kom zoo thiab ua ntej - kho. Bright - dov los yog polished 1060 yields heev reflective finishes.

Q4 - Dab tsi yog qhov kev sib haum xeeb rau siab -zoo 1060 phaj?
A: Rau premium phaj:Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug li 0.10 - 0.20 mmthoob plaws cov phaj loj yog ua tiav nrog stretcher leveling; qhia meej qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm kos duab.

Q5 - Kuv yuav ua li cas thiaj paub tseeb tias tus neeg muag khoom xa cov phaj "siab-zoo"?
A: Yuav tsum tau PO hom lus tshwj xeeb: alloy & min Al ntsiab lus, qhov siab tshaj plaws impurity txwv, temper, thickness / flatness tolerances, nto tiav spec, yuav tsum tau MTC (EN 10204 3.1), qauv kev pom zoo thiab cov ntaub ntawv txheej txheem khoom (melting/filtration, casting method). Txheeb xyuas tus neeg muag khoom muaj peev xwm yog tias ntim thiab qhov kev thuam pom tseeb nws.